However, to achieve the intended aims and objectives of the interview, appropriate pre-interview disclosure may be beneficial. Strategy – pre-interview briefing strategy – how this will be conducted and recorded, for example, whether it will be partial or full disclosure depends on the individual circumstances. Crime reports must contain as much information as possible, to provide sufficient detail to assist any officer who undertakes further investigation of the offence. If required, the crime report may be disclosed in evidence to defence lawyers, who will scrutinise it to ensure that it is accurate and consistent with other evidence. The interviewer should complete a crime report following the victim interview, in accordance with local force policy. The crime report is an important document and forms the basis of any further investigation.

• To use a Likert scale in a survey, you present participants with Likert-type questions or statements, and a continuum of items, usually with five or seven possible responses, to capture their degree of agreement.
• Many of the words in each document can be considered noise when building a model; for instance, most of the descriptions contain words such as "principal", "activity", "company"; as well as common words such as "and", "to" and so on.
• Health, safety and environmental management The process of determining and applying appropriate standards and methods to minimise the likelihood of accidents, injuries or environmental damage both during the project and during the operation of its deliverables.
• You can also use regression analyses to assess whether your measure is actually predictive of outcomes that you expect it to predict theoretically.
• Cyber ecosystem – the totality of interconnected infrastructure, persons, processes, data, information and communications technologies, along with the environment and conditions that influence those interactions.

Multiple independent variables may also be correlated with each other, so ‘explanatory variables’ is a more appropriate term. Construct validity is about how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate. It’s one of four types of measurement validity, which includes construct validity, face validity, and criterion validity. With a biased final sample, you may not be able to generalise your findings to the original population that you sampled from, so your external validity is compromised. This bias can affect the relationship between your independent and dependent variables. It can make variables appear to be correlated when they are not, or vice versa.

• Lag In a network diagram, the minimum necessary lapse of time between the finish of one activity and the start of another.
• 6.It applies to sectors which are vital for our economy and society and which rely heavily on network and information systems; energy, transport, drinking water, healthcare and digital infrastructure.
• Anything you directly analyze or use as first-hand evidence can be a primary source, including qualitative or quantitative data that you collected yourself.
• Risk breakdown structure (RBS) A hierarchical breakdown of the risks on a project.

This will put pressure on the free and open internet, as nation states, big technology firms and other actors promote competing approaches to technical standards and internet governance. The development of the autonomous UK cyber sanctions regime has added another disruptive tool that we have used to respond to incidents such as the WannaCry and NotPetya attacks. However, despite all this, our approach to cyber deterrence does not yet seem to have fundamentally altered the risk calculus for attackers. To many of us, cyberspace is the virtual world we experience when we go online to communicate, work and conduct everyday tasks.

• Communicators and other public resources are provided to help ministers explain the Government’s policies in a positive light.
• It underpins our ability to choose how we deploy our national security and defence capabilities.
• These young people could well be our cyber ambassadors and defenders of the future.
• We will also do more to build the capacity of civil society organisations, enabling a values-driven debate around technology and society and building local mechanisms of accountability.

Tranche A subdivision of the deployment phase of a programme designed to enable an incremental approach to development of outputs, outcomes and benefits. Total quality management (TQM) A strategic, integrated management system for customer satisfaction that guides all employees in every aspect of their work. Tolerance A level of delegated permission to vary performance from specified parameters.

Across the UK, statutory guidance highlights the responsibility of those in the education, community and care sectors to have policies and procedures in place that ensure they only employ suitable people to work or volunteer with children. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each have specific legislation and guidance relating to safer recruitment. Having a consistent induction process will make sure everyone in your organisation fully understands and knows how to follow your safeguarding policies and procedures. To help develop a safe environment for speaking out, it’s important to make child protection a key part of your induction for new staff and volunteers. All staff and volunteers should feel responsible for helping to make a safer culture and empowered to speak out if they have concerns.

We will support a cyber secure transition to a smart and flexible energy system, including smart electric vehicle charge-points and energy smart appliances. We will work with standards bodies, industry and international partners to influence the global consensus on technical standards. And we will help UK news (do24news.com) organisations to procure, deploy and manage connected devices in a more secure way, including by means of new security guidance for enterprise connected devices. For the UK, pursuing strategic advantage through science and technology, and the data access it depends on, will be a precondition for achieving our wider goals as a cyber power. However, we now need a more ambitious and proactive approach to maintain a stake in critical technologies and avoid becoming overly dependent on competitors and adversaries. We provide cyber security monitoring and analytics for operational assets in the maritime and CNI sectors.

Daesh devoted much time and energy to technology, to create media content used to radicalise and attract new recruits and to inspire terrorist attacks around the world. In recent years we’ve seen the impact of this approach all over Europe, including attacks in London and Manchester. Daesh also used modern communications systems to command and control their battlefield operations. This allowed them to operate flexibly, at scale and pace, and to pose an even greater danger to the populations they sought to control, and to maximise their reach across their so-called caliphate.

We will strengthen our ability, led by the technical expertise of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and others across government, to identify the areas of technology most critical to our cyber power. We will take national-level strategic decisions about priorities, working within the Own-Collaborate-Access framework set out in the Integrated Review. A UK cyber economy that has been levelled up significantly with increased growth outside of the South East, contributing to recovery from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and supporting wider regional economic activity. We will establish the permanent headquarters of the NCF in Samlesbury, in the North West of England driving growth in the technology, digital and defence sectors outside of London and helping create new partnerships in the region. We will increase our support for innovators and entrepreneurs outside of London and the South East to develop their products and services, grow their businesses and recruit skilled staff. This includes the Golden Valley campus led by Cheltenham Borough Council dedicated to supporting the growth of cyber-related technology businesses.

• Relatedly, in cluster sampling you randomly select entire groups and include all units of each group in your sample.
• Our plans for artificial intelligence and data policy will help ensure that we are on the front foot for these technologies, and the steps taken under the cyber strategy will ensure we have confidence in the security and resilience of suppliers and partners.
• If you get stuck, go back to your outline plan and make more detailed preparatory notes to get the writing flowing again.

Infrastructure Provides support for projects, programmes and portfolios, and is the focal point for the development and maintenance of project, programme and portfolio management within an organisation. Hybrid life cycle A pragmatic approach to achieving beneficial change that combines a linear life cycle for some phases or activities with an iterative life cycle for others. Governance The framework of authority and accountability that defines and controls the outputs, outcomes and benefits from projects, programmes and portfolios. The mechanism whereby the investing organisation exerts financial and technical control over the deployment of the work and the realisation of value. Forecast A prediction of a defined future state, typically related to the duration and outturn cost of a project or programme.

As soon as possible (ASAP) An activity for which the early start date is set to be as soon as possible. This glossary is a unique collection of popular project management terms sourced from the fifth, sixth and seventh editions of the APM Body of Knowledge and other APM publications. Poor presentation can be as much a waste of public funds as the extravagant use of resources.

The external validity of a study is the extent to which you can generalise your findings to different groups of people, situations, and measures. In experiments, differential rates of attrition between treatment and control groups can skew results. Yes, you can create a stratified sample using multiple characteristics, but you must ensure that every participant in your study belongs to one and only one subgroup. In this case, you multiply the numbers of subgroups for each characteristic to get the total number of groups. Once divided, each subgroup is randomly sampled using another probability sampling method. Multistage sampling can simplify data collection when you have large, geographically spread samples, and you can obtain a probability sample without a complete sampling frame.

The policy challenges presented by cyberspace are not solely technological in nature. The cyber domain is a human-made environment and is fundamentally shaped by human behaviour. It amplifies such behaviours for better or worse, the impacts of which are usually also felt in the physical world. Cyberspace is owned and operated by private companies, governments, non-profit organisations, individual citizens and even criminals.

They will make sure your grammar is perfect and point out any sentences that are difficult to understand. They’ll also notice your most common mistakes, and give you personal feedback to improve your writing in English. We try our best to ensure that the same editor checks all the different sections of your document. When you upload a new file, our system recognizes you as a returning customer, and we immediately contact the editor who helped you before. Furthermore, Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is considered academically dishonest. AI detectors may be used to detect this offense, and it’s highly unlikely that any university will accept you if you are caught submitting an AI-generated admission essay.